This attractive little
aeroplane was the first tandem-rotor helicopter to be
certificated by the U.S. Civil Aeronautics Administration for
commercial use, and is also one of the smallest helicopters to
be built with a tandem layout. Its development began in 1946
with the Helicopter Engineering and Research Corporation headed
by D.K. Jovanovich and F. Kozloski, where a small 2-seat
prototype (N9000H) was built with the designation JOV-3.
This aircraft, powered by a 125hp Lycoming O-290, was flown
successfully in 1948. It had 3-blade rotors of 5.64m diameter, a
gross weight of 618kg, a maximum speed of 161km/h and a range of
221km.
Jovanovich and Kozloski transferred in
1949 to the newly-formed helicopter division of the McCulloch
Motors Corporation, where an enlarged development of the JOV-3
was built as the MC-4 with 6.71m rotors and a 165hp
Franklin 6V4-165-832 engine. This prototype (N4070K) flew for
the first time on so March 1951, and soon afterwards McCulloch
began the construction of a prototype MC-4C (N4071K) and
three generally similar YH-30's (52-5837 to '39) for
evaluation by the U.S. Army. These were slightly larger than the
MC-4, having 200hp Franklins and egg-shaped tail fins
mounted on outriggers below the rear rotor head. The YH-30's
trials programme yielded no military orders, and no civilian
customers were immediately forthcoming for the MC-4C,
which was certificated by the CAA on 17 February 1953.
Jovanovich persevered with the design, however, and after
forming his own Jovair Corporation some years later produced
N4071K in developed form as the prototype for a new 4-seat
private or executive helicopter known as the Sedan 4E .
The Franklin 6A-335 of 210hp was now installed and the fuselage
offered comfortable accommodation and easy 4-door access to 3
passengers in addition to the pilot. A supercharged version, the
Sedan 4ES, was offered with a 225hp Franklin
6AS-335. The Sedan 4E received type approval from
the FAA in March 1963, and some two years later small-scale
production of this version was begun; the current version, with
a 235hp 6A-350 engine, is slightly heavier. In mid-1963 Jovair
offered the stripped-fuselage Sedan 4A as an
agricultural, training or utility cargo version, with provision
for some 450kg of cargo or crop spraying equipment in place of
the rear passenger compartment.
The Model MC-4
tandem-rotor light helicopter was the first aircraft to be
developed by McCulloch Motors' Aircraft Division, and made its
first flight in March 1951. The Army acquired three examples of
the slightly modified Model MC-4C in 1952 for engineering
test and evaluation, designating the machines YH-30 and
allocating them the serials 52-5837 through -5839.
The YH-30 was a
craft of relatively simple construction, consisting of a steel
tube framework to which was attached a light metal skin. The
helicopter's single 200hp Franklin engine was mounted
horizontally amidships and drove the two inter-meshing tandem
rotors through a single horizontal drive shaft and two
right-angled reduction units. Two small endplate rudders were
fixed to the rear fuselage to provide additional lateral
stability, and the aircraft was equipped with wheeled tricycle
landing gear. The craft's two crew members enjoyed better than
average visibility to the front and sides, though the view
upward was blocked by the overhanging front rotor housing.
The Army's evaluation of
the YH-30 showed the helicopter to be somewhat
underpowered and its drive system to be overly complex. The type
was therefore not procured in quantity, and the three evaluation
machines were declared surplus in mid-1953 and disposed of.